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Yangtze giant softshell turtle
The Yangtze giant softshell turtle (''Rafetus swinhoei'') is an extremely rare species of softshell turtle found in Vietnam and China. It is also known as the Red River giant softshell turtle, Shanghai softshell turtle, or Swinhoe’s softshell turtle. In Chinese, it is known as the speckled softshell turtle (Chinese: 斑鱉; Pinyin: ''bān bīe''). Only four living individuals are known and it is listed as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. It is hoped that a pair at Suzhou Zoo in China will breed.
== Description ==
The Yangtze giant softshell turtle is noted for its deep head with pig-like snout and eyes dorsally placed. This critically endangered species holds the title of being the largest freshwater turtle in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Almost Extinct Turtle Discovered Living In Wild In Northern Vietnam )〕 It measures over in overall length and to in width, and can easily weigh up to . The average size of large turtle specimens (i.e. turtles weighing over ) that could be collected in the Yangtze River per one study was , although not all specimens were definitively identified as ''Rafetus''.〔Jian, W., Hai-Tao, S., Cheng, W., & Lian-Xian, H. (2013). ''Habitat Selection and Conservation Suggestions for the Yangtze Giant Softshell Turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) in the Upper Red River, China''. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 12(1), 177-184.〕 Its carapace, or shell, can grow larger than , with the largest shell that could be found having measured in length.〔Le D. M. and Pritchard P. (2009), ''Genetic variability of the critically endangered softshell turtle, Rafetus swinhoei: a preliminary report,'' in: Ngo D. C., Ta H. T., Le N. N., Hoang X. Q., Vo V. P., Nguyen V. S., Nguyen V. T., Le T. T., and Tran Q. D. (eds.), Proc. of the 1st Natl. Sci. Workshop on Amphibians and Reptiles in Vietnam, Hue Univ. Press, Hue, pp. 84 – 92.〕 However, along the curve carapace lengths of up to have been reported and it is possible for the largest specimens (largely reported in Vietnam) to have weighed up .〔Farkas, B., & Le, M. D. (2011). ''Rafetus vietnamensis Le, Le, Tran, Phan, Phan, Tran, Pham, Nguyen, Nong, Phan, Dinh, Truong and Ha, 2010—Another Invalid Name for an Invalid Species of SoftShell Turtle (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae)''. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 18(1), 65-72.〕〔Farkas, B., & Webb, R. G. (2003). ''Rafetus leloii Ha Dinh Duc, 2000-an invalid species of softshell turtle from Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam (Reptilia, Testudines, Trionychidae)''. ZOOLOGISCHE ABHANDLUNGEN-STAATLICHES MUSEUM FUR TIERKUNDE IN DRESDEN, 53(1), 107-112.〕 Its head can measure over in length and in width. The male is generally smaller than the female and has a longer, larger tail.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Asian Turtle Conservation Network">url=http://www.asianturtlenetwork.org/field_guide/Rafetus_swinhoei.htm )
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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